The presence of protein in the urine is an indicator of various kidney diseases, including the progressive decline of the glomerulus. Kidney disease develops in 30-40% of insulin-dependent diabetics. The early detection of small quantities of albumin in the urine (concentrations of the order of 20 to 50 mg/L) enables early diagnosis of the disease, … Continued
Beta2-microglobulin (ß2M) is a low molecular weight protein (11.8 kD) present on the surface of many cells. beta2-microglobulin exists in two forms; in free form or in membrane form, identified as the light chain of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. Beta2-microglobulin is found in low concentrations in serum. Beta2-microglobulin is a first line … Continued
The alpha2-macroglobulin is a very large size protease inhibitor (725 kDa), primarily synthesized by cells of the hepatic parenchyma. It is involved in the inhibition of enzymes involved in the kinin-kallikrein, complement, coagulation and even fibrinolytic systems. In addition to these inhibitor roles, the alpha2-macroglobulin is used as a carrier for many small peptides (such … Continued
α1-antitrypsin, also called “α1-protease inhibitor”, is a protein of the serpin family, which is synthesised predominantly in the liver by hepatocytes. Its main role is to inhibit neutrophil elastase and thereby prevent enzyme degradation of the lung alveolar structures. It also enables the inhibition of other proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and thrombin. α1-antitrypsin … Continued
Alpha1 microglobulin (α1-M), sometimes referred to as human complex forming protein (HC), is a small, low molecular weight (33kDa) globular glycoprotein. Its physiological concentration in urine is very low. It is one of the most constant microproteins present in urine in cases of tubular damage. It is filtered by the glomerulus and then reabsorbed almost … Continued
The alpha1-glycoprotein acid was one of the first glycoproteins to be isolated in human plasma. It contains a large number of carbohydrate moieties, giving it a very negative charge and high solubility in water. Many biological functions have been proposed for the alpha1-glycoprotein acid, but its true physiological role still remains uncertain today. The alpha1-glycoprotein … Continued
Albumin is a small protein (66.3 kDa) and the most abundant in human plasma, representing 55-65% of the total protein mass. It has different biological functions, such as the maintenance of osmotic pressure between the vascular and extravascular spaces, and the transport and storage of a wide variety of products (ions, hormones, medications, bilirubin, etc.) … Continued
Albumin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid reflects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by calculating the CSF / serum albumin ratio. Indeed, albumin synthesis is only hepatic and its presence in the CSF signifies a transudation. This report must be <0.006 or <0.008 depending on age. The assay must be coupled with serum concentration measured at … Continued
